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Update KEYS.md to use a new dumping guide and correct title.key formatting (#814)

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* Update title.keys formatting and add key dumping guide

* Update README.md to reflect changes in KEYS.md

* Address feedback and minor style changes

* Remove key templates

* Fix

Co-Authored-By: Ac_K <Acoustik666@gmail.com>

* Fix 2

Co-Authored-By: jduncanator <1518948+jduncanator@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add a description of what keys are

* Minor changes and style fixes

* Fix 3
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MysticExile 2019-11-10 14:02:29 +01:00 • committed by Ac_K
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KEYS.md
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Keys are required for decrypting most of the file formats used by the Nintendo Switch.
Keysets are stored as text files. These 3 filenames are automatically read:
`prod.keys` - Contains common keys usedy by all Switch devices.
`console.keys` - Contains console-unique keys.
`title.keys` - Contains game-specific keys.
Keysets are stored as text files. These 2 filenames are automatically read:
* `prod.keys` - Contains common keys used by all Nintendo Switch devices.
* `title.keys` - Contains game-specific keys.
Ryujinx will first look for keys in `RyuFS/system`, and if it doesn't find any there it will look in `$HOME/.switch`.
A guide to assist with dumping your own keys can be found [here](https://gist.github.com/roblabla/d8358ab058bbe3b00614740dcba4f208).
## Common keys
Here is a template for a key file containing the main keys Ryujinx uses to read content files.
Both `prod.keys` and `console.keys` use this format.
```
master_key_00 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
master_key_01 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
master_key_02 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
master_key_03 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
master_key_04 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
master_key_05 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
titlekek_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
key_area_key_application_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
key_area_key_ocean_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
key_area_key_system_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
aes_kek_generation_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
aes_key_generation_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
header_kek_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
header_key_source = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
```
To dump your `prod.keys` and `title.keys` please follow these following steps.
1. First off learn how to boot into RCM mode and inject payloads if you haven't already. This can be done [here](https://nh-server.github.io/switch-guide/).
2. Make sure you have an SD card with the latest release of [Atmosphere](https://github.com/Atmosphere-NX/Atmosphere/releases) inserted into your Nintendo Switch.
3. Download the latest release of [Lockpick_RCM](https://github.com/shchmue/Lockpick_RCM/releases).
4. Boot into RCM mode.
5. Inject the `Lockpick_RCM.bin` that you have downloaded at `Step 3.` using your preferred payload injector. We recommend [TegraRCMGUI](https://github.com/eliboa/TegraRcmGUI/releases) as it is easy to use and has a decent feature set.
6. Using the `Vol+/-` buttons to navigate and the `Power` button to select, select `Dump from SysNAND | Key generation: X` ("X" depends on your Nintendo Switch's firmware version)
7. The dumping process may take a while depending on how many titles you have installed.
8. After its completion press any button to return to the main menu of Lockpick_RCM.
9. Navigate to and select `Power off` if you have an SD card reader. Or you could Navigate and select `Reboot (RCM)` if you want to mount your SD card using `TegraRCMGUI > Tools > Memloader V3 > MMC - SD Card`.
10. You can find your keys in `sd:/switch/prod.keys` and `sd:/switch/title.keys` respectively.
11. Copy these files and paste them in `RyuFS/system`.
And you're done!
## Title keys
Title keys are stored in the format `rights_id,key`.
These are only used for games that are not dumped from cartridges but from games downloaded from the Nintendo eShop, these are also only used if the eShop dump does *not* have a `ticket`. If the game does have a ticket, Ryujinx will read the key directly from that ticket.
Title keys are stored in the format `rights_id = key`.
For example:
```
01000000000100000000000000000003,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
01000000000108000000000000000003,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
01000000000108000000000000000004,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
01000000000100000000000000000003 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
01000000000108000000000000000003 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
01000000000108000000000000000004 = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
```
## Complete key list
Below is a complete list of keys that are currently recognized.
\## represents a hexadecimal number between 00 and 1F
@@ represents a hexadecimal number between 00 and 03
## Prod keys
### Common keys
```
master_key_source
keyblob_mac_key_source
package2_key_source
aes_kek_generation_source
aes_key_generation_source
key_area_key_application_source
key_area_key_ocean_source
key_area_key_system_source
titlekek_source
header_kek_source
header_key_source
sd_card_kek_source
sd_card_nca_key_source
sd_card_save_key_source
retail_specific_aes_key_source
per_console_key_source
bis_kek_source
bis_key_source_@@
header_key
xci_header_key
eticket_rsa_kek
master_key_##
package1_key_##
package2_key_##
titlekek_##
key_area_key_application_##
key_area_key_ocean_##
key_area_key_system_##
keyblob_key_source_##
keyblob_##
```
### Console-unique keys
```
secure_boot_key
tsec_key
device_key
bis_key_@@
keyblob_key_##
keyblob_mac_key_##
encrypted_keyblob_##
sd_seed
```
These are typically used to decrypt system files and encrypted game files. These keys get changed in about every major system update, so make sure to keep your keys up-to-date if you want to play newer games!